Isn't there a VirtualBox drive pass through thing? Quickly searching, yes it seems to be described in section 9.10 of the manual. Linux description, https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?t=25221 where the only problem was permissions. This should work to mount you SSD, though perhaps not since you are also booting Windows from it, I think it should though it needs testing.
I played with that, a couple of years ago. I was using a win 10 host, VBox 5.<something> and one of the earlier ArcaOS versions. It worked okay with a FAT32 drive (less than 2 GB, and removed from windows to avoid conflicts). Trying to use it with a JFS volume looks like it would work, BUT, the LVM information is NOT passed through. Only the raw partition is made available, and VBox adds a partition wrapper that contains the partition information (including the lack of LVM information). At that point I quit, because I didn't want to mess with the partition in question. I am not sure if LVM, in the guest, would add valid LVM information to the pseudo drive, or not. If it will, I am not sure if it will remember it. I am also not too sure if doing that will cause other problems. It really shouldn't, as long as the drive is properly closed at shutdown, but that is untested, by me.
I should return to that, because I would also like to be able to use a real JFS drive from an ArcaOS system, in VBox. I suggest that you need a test system, where it doesn't matter if it gets messed up. Be sure to test what happens when the VBox is terminated (reset it), and when the host is terminated (pull the plug). If a simple CHKDSK recovers it, all is good (probably a good idea to try it multiple times)
FTR, using Shared Folders won't do it, unless the host system can read (and possibly write) the JFS partition. It will probably work with a Linux host, when it supports JFS drives (Puppy Linux, used by the DFSEE Linux packages, does that). In VBox, the Shared folders are presented to the guest as network drives.
I said "JFS", but it should apply to HPFS too.