Guide to getting started with OS/2 networking using IBM's TCP/IP software

Document: ftp-os2.cdrom.com:pub/os2/2_x/network/tcpstart.txt or: ftp-os2.nmsu.edu:os2/2_x/network/tcpstart.txt

Recent Changes
Aug 03 1993 Added 3c503 Netware+TCP/IP sample files from Roger de Reus. Added Appendix III on LaMail (thanks R. Walker!). Changed directories for CSDs, made fixes to unpacking hints. Added section on useful software to download. Feb 28 1993 Fixed advice for routed, FTP security (thanks, Andre Asselin!). Added some tuning ideas. Added lprmon BUFSIZE caution. Feb 22 1993 Fixed phone numbers, added SLIP appendix. Fixed year to 1993! Feb 02 1993 Added Netware appendix, tuning hints, other hints and insertions.

Table of Contents (find sections by searching for the parenthesized number)
(0) Purpose and introduction (1) Request for more information (2) Some terminology (3) Selecting parts of the IBM TCP/IP packages (4) Preparing to hook up to a TCP/IP network (5) Installing IBM's TCP/IP Package (6) Installing the driver for the network adapter (7) Initial tryout (8) Downloading CSDs (bug fixes) (9) A few reminders (10) Security concerns (11) Tuning your setup (12) Interesting TCP/IP software you can download (13) Good luck (A1) Appendix I: Coexistence of TCP/IP with Netware (A2) Appendix II: Supplementary information on SLIP (A3) Appendix III: Setting up LaMail

(0) Purpose and introduction
The purpose of this document is to:

1) Orient someone who has heard a bit about networking on OS/2, but can't yet hold an entire conversation in three to five letter networking acronyms ("So, Bob, how's TCP/IP coming along today?" "Well, Jane, NFS if fine, but I'm having trouble with FTP." "Have you installed the CSDs?" "Yes, but can you ping over SLIP before sending a job to LPD?"....).

2) Help a new networker install the IBM TCP/IP networking package and some of its more popular additional modules.

I'm no networking pro, but I've managed to start a working network system using OS/2 and IBM's TCP/IP offerings. It took me long enough to sort it all out. I hope I can save someone else the trouble.

I make no guarantees that the following is entirely correct! It's based on my experiences. PLEASE correct me by mailing me your comments if you find anything misleading or wrong. Please send me additional hints based on your own experiences that you feel would be helpful to put into this document.

-Dean -- N. Dean Pentcheff Biological Sciences, Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208 (803-777-8998) Internet addresses: pentcheff@pascal.acm.org or dean2@tbone.biol.scarolina.edu

(1) Request for more information
Please let me know of improvements I can make to this document! Notable gaping holes that I notice (hint, hint) are:

1) Performance tuning - success stories and failure stories are both equally welcome.

2) Other useful network software - surely some net.geeks have some nifty utilities and addons that make a networked OS/2 system more of a joy.

3) Tricks and tips that you've discovered.

(2) Some terminology
TCP/IP is the name of a communications protocol - it defines a way for computers to chat with each other.

(PC)TCP is a family of products from several vendors that use TCP/IP on a PC, generally under the DOS operating system. Note that PC/TCP is a specific product marketed by SunSoft (the (PC)TCP name has been adopted as a generic name for that type of product). (PC)TCP is not addressed in this document - you may have heard about it from DOS systems. The programs described here do what PC/TCP on DOS does (and more).

Ethernet is a specific hardware protocol for computer communications. For example, a 3Com 3C503 card is a (very cheap and popular, if not screamingly fast) Ethernet board for PCs. Using it (and appropriate software) you can connect a PC to an Ethernet TCP/IP network. TCP/IP is just one of many communication protocols that can run atop Ethernet. For example, a Novell Netware network running the IPX protocol could run on the same Ethernet - same hardware, just different protocols.

Token-Ring is another hardware protocol in common use. IBM's TCP/IP package supports both Ethernet and Token-Ring network adapters.

FTP is a "file transfer protocol" that runs on top of TCP/IP (there are implementations of FTP for pretty much any computer that can talk TCP/IP, making it a lingua franca for file exchange - it's not pretty but it works).

Telnet is a defined way for TCP/IP-speaking computers to set up terminal sessions between each other so that you can actually log onto a remote computer and interact with your account there.

SLIP stands for serial line IP. It defines a way that you can connect to a TCP/IP network over a serial line (via a phone modem, for example). Serial communications is slower than a direct network connection, but can sometimes be useful. IBM's TCP/IP packages does support SLIP.

CSD is IBM's word for a publicly distributed bug fix package. Note that CSDs obsolete prior CSDs. That is, application of any later CSD will take care of everything that was done by earlier CSDs. You don't have to apply the whole chronological string of CSDs, just the most recent one. God help you if you install an earlier CSD over a later one (IBM sure won't help you).

(3) Selecting parts of the IBM TCP/IP packages
IBM sells a bunch of pieces, many of which are optional, for TCP/IP networking. Following is a brief summary of them. Note that all of the following come with both 1.2 Mb 5-1/4" and 1.44 Mb 3-1/2" disks in the same package (you don't need to specify medium).

-- TCP/IP Base Program (Part #02G6968). Price: US$131. You need this in order to use any of the other following parts. It gives you the software to connect your Ethernet or Token Ring card to a network, plus a few character-oriented programs (Telnet, FTP, ping, etc.). It's sort of equivalent to the public domain NCSA Telnet package for DOS.

-- NFS Kit (Part #02G6970). Price: US$95. This gives your OS/2 system the ability to serve as both a client and a server for sharing disk space using Sun's NFS (Network File System) protocol. In other words, you can mount disks over the network that are physically attached to other minicomputers or OS/2 systems as though they were attached to your computer. Conversely, you can make parts of your OS/2 computer's disks available for sharing by others. With this package (along with the Base Program), you've got the makings of a small local area network that can share disk space and printers.

-- X-Windows System (Part #02G6980). Price: US$95. This gives your OS/2 system the ability to display output (and relay input) to X programs running on other computers. X-Windows is a standardized way for programs (mostly on Unix-based systems) to put graphics on the screen and interact with the user. X terminology is a bit peculiar: the program doing the work is called the "client"; the program doing the display is called the "server". This package allows your OS/2 system to be an "X server", but not an "X client": you can display and interact with X programs running elsewhere, but you can't run an X program on your OS/2 system and have its results displayed elsewhere.

-- X.25 Networking (Part #?). Enables X.25 communications from your OS/2 system. I have no exposure to this product, so I won't comment. I assume you'll know if you need it.

-- Source code and programming packages. If you're ordering these you sure as hell don't need me giving you hints on what to do.

And finally, where to order. Peculiarly, IBM often seems unaware that they sell this product. So far, people have had the best luck with calling: 1-800-IBM-2-YOU (1-800-436-2968). Another IBM order line (1-800-IBM-CALL) apparently knows about the product but likes to charge you more money (?!).

(4) Preparing to hook up to a TCP/IP network
Once you have the TCP/IP base package, you can be a full-blown node on the Internet. To do that, you _must_ contact a local system adminstrator on the network to which you will physically connect your OS/2 machine. He or she must give you an Internet number. Choosing one at random is unlikely to work and is exceedingly antisocial (since it may well disrupt others' use of the network).

You can probably select your own cute name for your machine, unless there is an iron-fisted net administrator who enforces a naming convention. As examples, our lab works on crab behavior, so our PCs are called "fiddler" and "cancer". The last place I worked had a lot of people working on marine larvae, so they had "cypris", "zoea", "actinula", etc.

When you decide on a name and send it to your Local Network Guru, also ask the following questions:

What will my machine's full Internet name be (e.g.       fiddler.biol.scarolina.edu for the machine at which I'm        sitting)?

What is my IP address (e.g. 123.234.221.112 as a totally       fictitious example)?

Is this network subnetted? If so, what's the subnet mask (e.g. 255.255.255.0)?

Is there a non-default broadcast address? If so, what is it?

What is the IP address of a default router for me to use?

What are the IP addresses of three domain nameservers?

And, before you start the software installation, do yourself a favor. Open up your machine and take a good look at the network adapter card. Write down any strap or switch options that are set. You'll probably need them later when you do the software configuration of the driver for TCP/IP.

(5) Installing IBM's TCP/IP Package
All the documentation comes with the Base Program. The other packages just consist of a folder with disks.

It is not initially clear how to proceed, so here's enough to get you going:

Begin with the manual "TCP/IP Version 1.2.1 for OS/2 (Refresh): Installation and Maintenance". You install the TCP/IP software first, then the specific driver software for your Ethernet or Token Ring board.

There's a nice little configuration program called ICAT (Installation and Configuration Automation Tool). As per instructions, stick in disk 1 and run ICAT from an OS/2 command line.

Push the "Install" button first. It will give you the opportunity to install any/all of the options you've ordered (base package, NFS, X-Windows, X.25, and source packages). Check off whatever boxes you want and feed disks as requested. Go ahead and install everything you've got.

Once everything has been copied to disk, push the "Configure" button of ICAT. Now comes the fun stuff. I'm assuming you have the documentation, so I'll just give you some hints based on what I did. There's a numbered list of 6 configuration things to do. We'll run down the list.

1. Configure Network Interface Parameters. You probably only have one Ethernet or Token Ring board in your computer, so you only have to fill in half this screen (the other half is for another board - and up to two more on a "Next Screen"). Your IP address is whatever was issued to you by your Friendly Local Network Adminstrator. If he/she told you anything about a "Subnet Mask", enter it appropriately. Leave "Broadast" and "Destination Address" blank (unless you've been explicitly instructed otherwise). For that matter, leave the rest of the screen untouched unless told otherwise. Don't forget to check the little "Enabled" box in the top left corner. When done, press the "Menu" button to return to the main Configure menu.

2. X.25 Parameters. You're on your own here (I haven't done this), but it looks straightforward - stick in your IP address.

3. SLIP Parameters. This is if you're going to use a serial port for access, instead of a network adapter (SLIP = Serial Line Internet Protocol). Fill in the IP address, and the rest is like setting up the dialer in a communications program.

4. Automatic Starting of Services. Again, the following are reasonable defaults if (a) you haven't been told otherwise; and (b) you have the software involved.

DO enable the inetd super server - this is one program which runs all the time and spawns off some of the other network service programs on an as-needed basis. This way they don't       all have to be started at once.

If you want yourself or others to be able to Telnet into this machine, enable the Telnet server (BUT SEE NOTES BELOW - THIS       CAN BE A REAL SECURITY RISK). This does not influence your ability to telnet out of this machine to other machines.

If you want to be able to access files on this machine from other machines using the FTP protocol, enable the FTP server. This does not influence your ability to use FTP on your machine to access other machines. (SEE NOTES BELOW - THIS IS A       POTENTIAL SECURITY RISK).

Unless you know otherwise, DO NOT enable TFTP.

I lean towards not enabling rexec and rsh unless there's a       compelling reason to do so. THESE ARE A REAL SECURITY RISK. Again, this does not affect your ability to rexec or rsh from your OS/2 machine to other machines.

If you are going to make a printer attached to your computer available to other computers (i.e. your machine will be a       network print server), enable the lpd server. NOTE: To prevent lpd from printing a banner and control file before each document, set lpd to run in the "Foreground" (not via inetd), and type in "-b -c" (without the quotes) in the blank for arguments. This is particularly important if you have a       Postscript printer (since the banner and control files are in        ASCII, not Postscript, they will mysteriously stuff the        printer).

If you've got the X-Windows stuff, enable it (leave the       "Parameters" as it is).

If you're into online typing to people, enable Talk, but honestly, why not just use the phone?

Enable the NFS Server if you want other people to access your hard disk (SEE SECURITY NOTES BELOW).

Enable NFSCTL if you want to be able to mount other machines' disks (but note that they must allow you to do so).

If you have the IP address of a default router on your network, you can skip enabling the automatic routing server "routed". If you couldn't get such an address from the Local NetNerd, go       ahead and enable the automatic routing server "routed". (See       some further remarks on this below in the "Tuning" section.)

FINALLY, if you're going to receive mail directly onto your machine, enable "sendmail". If you're already receiving mail on another machine, this is FAR more trouble than it's worth (in my opinion). With the other software you've got, you'll       easily be able to read your mail on another machine, so why bother with all the sendmail setup stuff (which is relatively       fierce)?

5. Configure Services. I'm going to give hints based on my slightly net.paranoid approach. See the security notes below for some details.

Put one and only one entry in the FTP Access Protection: anonymous. (But see further notes in the "Security concerns"       section below.)

If you're doing X-Windows, X Host Authorization gets the name of the machine(s) on which your X "clients" (e.g. main       programs) will run.

In the X Client Display Variable, enter your OS/2 machine's IP       address (or Internet name, whichever). Not the name of the host to which you will be connecting, but this very OS/2 machine's address. Follow the IP address or machine name with ":0" (without the quotes of course). For example, I entered: fiddler.biol.scarolina.edu:0

Fill in the timezone in standard Unixoid format. See page 95 of the manual for some of the more popular timezones.

If you will use another machine's printer, enter that machine's       name and its printer's name.

If you took my advice on rexec, enter nothing in the rexec username and password.

Enter nothing in the password field for telnet (BUT SEE THE       SECURITY NOTES BELOW).

Enter your machine's name in the Hostname field (just the very       first part of the name: "fiddler" in the case of        "fiddler.biol.scarolina.edu"). Enter the rest of the name in       the Domain Name field ("biol.scarolina.edu").

Type in (correctly!) the IP numbers of the (up to) three local nameserver machines your Always Cheerful Network Adminstrator gave you.

6. Routing Information. If you have the IP address of a default router, enter it here. Follow the keypress instructions to insert an entry. Toggle the "Route Type" field using space, leave "Route Destination" blank, type in the IP address into "Router", and leave "Metric count" at 1. If you do _not_ have the IP address of a default router, make sure you enabled the "routed" daemon. Then check below in the "Tuning" section to see how you can find out your default router's address later, insert it here, and dispense with "routed."

When this is done, go ahead and "Exit" all the way out of the ICAT program, reassuring it that you really do want it to write this stuff to disk as it quits.

(6) Installing the driver for the network adapter
Once you finish with all that nonsense, you will realize that you haven't told the software anything about the network adapter you've got. Time to turn to the "LAN Adapter and Protocol Support Introduction and Configuration Guide". Cram in the LAPS disk, and, from an OS/2 command prompt, start up the "LAPS" program from the floppy.

The following discussion assumes you will be using a network adapter card (either Ethernet or Token-Ring). If you will be using SLIP (IP over a serial line with a modem), I suspect things may be a bit different, but I don't know, I've never tried (as in: "Can you play the violin?" "I don't know, I've never tried"). See Appendix A2 below for some supplementary information on SLIP. I don't use it, so I haven't tested this, but give it a whirl. For now, we'll continue to assume that you're using a network adapter card...

First do the "install" to copy in the software. Next, go to the configuration part.

What you do is simple: pick one from column A and one from column B. In fact, IBM has made it simpler still - there's only one choice in column B (but you still have to explicitly pick it). Choose your network adapter from the Network Adapters list (select and "Add" it). (If your network adapter isn't on the list, see the remarks a few paragraphs below here.) Then choose the only choice (IBM TCP/IP) from column B. You've now declared that your network adapter number 0 (the first one) is of a particular type, and it will run TCP/IP.

Now highlight the adapter name in the Current Configuration window and press "Edit". Now's your chance to make sure that the hardware options on your adapter match up with the software's idea of them. Change anything that needs changing. When in doubt, leave it as it was. Notably, you should probably leave the "Network Adapter Address" blank. That number is supplied by the board hardware unless you enter an overriding number here.

Once you're done with the configuration, press "OK" and the proper configuration will be copied in.

What if your network adapter isn't "supported"? That is, you didn't see it on the LAPS list. Odds are good that it really is supported. First of all, check the documentation - your adapter may emulate an adapter that is in the LAPS list. If so, you're home free. If not, you need to get hold of an "NDIS driver" for your adapter. There may be one on a disk that came with the card. Alternatively, you may be able to find one on the ftp-os2.nmsu.edu archive (see the section on downloading CSDs in this document to see how to access the archive).

Once you've got the NDIS driver, you'll need to do a little hand editing of some configuration information. The following description is edited from some advice posted to the Usenet group comp.os.os2.networking by Kai-Uwe Rommel (rommel@Informatik.TU-Muenchen.DE) regarding the popular 3Com Etherlink III card (a very fast, excellent Ethernet card, by the way). I haven't done this myself, so I don't know how easy it will be to adapt these instructions to other cards, but take a look at this and see how it goes...

NDIS drivers for DOS and OS/2 come included with the Etherlink III card. I'm not sure if the LAPS install program of the TCP/IP package allows "other cards" to be installed, but otherwise simply install the Etherlink II drivers first. Then, before rebooting, copy ELNK3.OS2 from the Etherlink III driver floppy to the same location where ELNKII.OS2 is and replace ELNKII.OS2 in config.sys by ELNK3.OS2. In the protocol.ini in \IBMCOM, add

[ELNK3_nif] DriverName = ELNK3$

right below the [ELNKII_nif] section and replace

Bindings = ELNKII_nif

in the [TCPIP_nif] section by

Bindings = ELNK3_nif

and it should work after rebooting. You may want to boot DOS and run the 3C509 program from the Etherlink III driver disk to set up the card to use an IRQ > 8 (i.e. IRQ 10, for example) and set the "client type" to a better suited one (you can choose DOS       client, Windows or OS/2 client or server). If you install the Etherlink III in EISA machines, run the 3C509 program to switch the card into EISA mode (yes it has one although it is an ISA       card) and use the EISA setup program and the config files on the Etherlink III driver disk to configure it. See Appendix E in the Etherlink III manual.

(7) Initial tryout
Are ya feelin' lucky? Hope so. Quit out of LAPS. Do the standard OS/2 Shutdown. Make sure your network adapter is actually plugged into a network. Cross fingers and toes. Start up OS/2.

It will take much longer to boot as five zillion networking programs crank up. Lots of them will put screens up as they come on. Once things are up, you can minimize these screens. Meanwhile, they will tell you of your progress.

If things really choke and you don't get a boot, well, you knew the job was dangerous when you took it. Get an OS/2 guru to boot from a floppy for you and REM out the line in "startup.cmd" that says "CALL C:\TCPIP\BIN\TCPSTART.CMD".

Assuming things more-or-less come up, try things out. First, from an OS/2 command line, try a ping to yourself. In my case, that's "ping fiddler.biol.scarolina.edu". You should get a series of one-liners once a second informing you that you've sent 64 bytes to yourself and received it. Press Control-C to quit that. If, after you enter your ping command, you get nothing (the command just hangs there), you've got a problem: you're unable to find yourself. Check your machine name and Internet number using ICAT, and make sure your network adapter board is properly set up, and the correct parameters are set using LAPS.

One thing you'll want to try (but DON'T) is to double-click on the cute little INETD icon. Don't do it. You'll get a textmode screen with Inetd's potential clients listed. That's it. No menus. No nothing. It makes you feel like DOS is back. Press Alt-Tab or Alt-Esc to get the hell out of there. Memorize this, because one day you'll do it accidentally anyway.

Try telnetting to your local host. Try an FTP file transfer. Once FTP file transfers work, I advise you to take the following step next, before doing much more playing.

Note: unless you've started telnetd and/or ftpd (or have them set to start from inetd), don't try to telnet and/or ftp to yourself!

(8) Downloading CSDs (bug fixes)
My system almost-kinda-sorta worked (flakey is the word that comes to mind). Following application of the bug fixes, it works very smoothly. So, to avoid wasting time, apply the bug fixes early. Following is the scoop on how to do this.

DON'T BE INTIMIDATED BY THE LENGTH OF THIS SECTION! Because the CSDs change with time, this section is verbose to cover different contingencies. It's really quite straightforward in practice. Install the bug fixes - you'll be very happy you did.

1. For neatness' sake, make a subdirectory called "csd" (well, don't listen to me about it, call it "rosebud" if you want). Do a "cd" to that directory (all this is done from an OS/2 command line).

2. Give the command:  ftp ftp-os2.nmsu.edu

3. If that doesn't work ("host unknown" or "network unknown") you've got a problem with domain name resolution. MAybe routed.exe isn't running or you have a bad DNS nameserver entry? Ignore that for now, but fix it later. Try giving the command: ftp 128.123.35.151

4. Log in as user anonymous, with your full login (joe@ace.b.c.edu) as password. Yeah, you don't really have a user name ("joe") since you're on a single-user machine. Make one up. For my machine, for example, I might enter "dean@fiddler.biol.scarolina.edu" (without the quotes).

5. Give something like the following FTP commands [things in square brackets are my comments, not parts of the commands]:

binary cd os2/ibm/tcpip               [get to the directory with fixes] get tcpcsd1.exe                [Base TCP/IP package patches] get tcpcsd2.exe get basecsd.doc                [how to install Base CSDs] get nfscsd1.exe                [if you've got NFS] get nfscsd.doc                 [how to install NFS CSDs] get pmxcsd1.exe                [if you've got X-Windows] get pmxcsd.doc                 [how to install X-Windows CSDs]

You may find that some of the CSDs have filenames ending in ".zip" instead of ".exe". If so, do the following as well:

cd /os2/2_x/archiver get unz50x32.exe               [Info-ZIP unzipper for unpacking]

Quit from FTP with the following command:

bye

Of course, this will be out of date soon. Just look for the most recent CSD packages in the directory and snarf them. Likewise for the Info-Zip unzipper. You should also check the directories "/os2/new" and "/uploads": new uploads go there first and may not have made it to the patches directory yet. If there are several different CSDs for products you have, download them all. Unpack them (see below) each separately on your machine and check the comments in the installation scripts for the latest date.

6. Unpack the suckers. If you got the unzipper program, just just run unz50x32. It will unpack itself into the unzip program. Each CSD release seems to be slightly differently packaged, so I'll just give some general guidelines here. You can probably install them from your hard disk, without having to copy them onto floppies (though they are usually designed to be installed from floppies). Make a subdirectory for each type of CSD (for example, I made subdirectories "base", "nfs", and "pmx") under the directory where you have the zip files. Then unpack each bundle into its appropriate subdirectory.

If the CSD filename ends in ".exe", things are easy: it will unpack itself into its component files. For example, to unpack the Base packages, I'd do the following:

mkdir base cd base ..\tcpcsd1 ..\tcpcsd2

If the CSD filename ends in ".zip", you have to explicitly use the unzip program to unpack the file. For example (if the CSD files were called "tcpcsd.base1.zip" and "tcpcsd.base2.zip"):

mkdir base cd base ..\unzip ..\tcpcsd.base1 ..\unzip ..\tcpcsd.base2

Normally, the unzipping leads to the creation of 5-50 updated programs and files, one of which is an installation script (ending in ".cmd"). In some cases, the zip files will unzip into one or two monolithic ".exe" programs. These aren't really standalone programs, but are self-unpacking zip files. If, when you're done unpacking the first level of zip files, you only have one or two huge ".exe" files and you DO NOT HAVE ANY FILES THAT END IN ".CMD" (i.e. you don't have an installation script yet), check to see if the couple of huge programs are actually zip files in disguise. To do that, run the listing function of unzip.exe. For example, to check a hypothetical file "basecsd.exe", try running:

..\unzip -v  basecsd.exe

If the unzip program barfs, it's not a zip file. If you get a nice listing of lots of filenames, you can unzip the archive by simply running the program. For example:

basecsd

Don't do any of this fussing if there's a ".cmd" file in the directory from your inital unzipping - that's probably the installation script which will take care of the next level of unzipping for you.

7. Check the installation scripts. I've found two types. One is a pretty elaborate script that quite neatly checks your system out and installs the CSDs from the hard drive directory. These longer scripts are over 100 lines long. If there are just a few files that need copying, there may be a short script instead. In some cases, these short scripts are "hardwired" to copy from the A: drive (tacky!). A quick edit of any offending lines takes care of the problem. For example, changing the line:

copy 'A:nfsctl.exe' BASE'\bin\nfsctl.exe'

to read:

copy 'nfsctl.exe' BASE'\bin\nfsctl.exe'

converts the command so that it will run from the hard drive instead of needing to be put on a floppy.

8. Now you've got your CSDs (bug fixes) on disk, ready to install. You have to first REM out a couple of lines in your startup scripts, then reboot. Otherwise, OS/2 will refuse to let you update programs that are currently running. Using your favorite editor, edit your c:\config.sys. Find the line that runs CNTRL.EXE. Insert REM (followed by a space) before it. Save the file (as Plain Text, if you're asked). I found that I also had to edit the file c:\startup.cmd and REM out the line that reads "CALL C:\TCPIP\BIN\TCPSTART.CMD".

Now reboot.

Why not do all this before even rebooting once? Because applying the CSD depends on a lot of networking environment that is set up in the main config.sys file, so you've got to have booted with the networking stuff installed but REMed out for the CSD to apply properly.

9. If you're lucky, IBM will have included a "*.doc" file that will give you some hints on how to install each CSD. If so, read the file, and read the hints in the next paragraph. Between them all, decide how to install the CSDs.

In the absence of an official "*.doc" file, you're on your own. Each CSD has its own handy install script. Go to each CSD's subdirectory and run the something-or-other.CMD file. For example, for the Base Package it might be basecsd.cmd; for NFS it might be nfscsd.cmd; for X-Windows it might be installx.cmd (thanks for the consistency, guys). Or it may be called something new and exciting. Basically all that these do is copy over a bunch of new versions of programs on top of the old ones. As far as I can tell, they don't meddle with initialization setups. [Late note on that - one of the newer CSDs does install a new xinit.cmd, but quite politely informs you that it is moving your old one to "xinitbak.cmd".]

10. With your trusty editor, remove the REMs from config.sys and startup.cmd.

11. Reboot OS/2 to a far less bugfull networking setup.

12. Periodically check in at ftp-os2 for new CSDs. Apply as above and they will overwrite whatever is needed to bring you up to date. Note that later CSDs make earlier CSDs obsolete: each CSD is complete. You do NOT need to install the whole chronological string of CSDs to get up to date. The latest CSD will do everything that any earlier CSDs did.

(9) A few reminders
If you want to mount part of a Unix box's disk, the Unix machine will need an entry in its /etc/exports file describing what you're allowed to mount. Similarly, your OS/2 system's \tcpip\etc\exports file will have to list systems you allow to mount your disks (SEE SECURITY NOTES BELOW).

If you want to redirect printer output from your machine to an LPD program on some other machine, you'll have to start up an lprmon process for each of the printer ports you wish to redirect. See the manual for the syntax. The trick is where to put the startup commands. If you don't mind seeing the lprmon windows appear at boot time, edit the file \startup.cmd and insert the command(s) there. That's a better solution than putting them in \tcpip\bin\tcpstart.cmd, since tcpstart.cmd gets clobbered if you rerun ICAT to reconfigure your setup. If you are going to edit your tcpstart.cmd file anyway (see the section below on tuning for reasons you might do that), go ahead and stick them into tcpstart.cmd.

Note that there's a weirdness associated with lprmon: it apparently cannot monitor a port that has a larger-than-default buffer size. So make sure that you check the PRINTMONBUFSIZE in your \config.sys. For any port(s) on which you will run lprmon make sure that the buffer size is left on the default setting (134). For example, a vanilla version should be: PRINTMONBUFSIZE=134,134,134

(10) Security concerns
You are now a node on the Internet (assuming you've hooked up to an Internet-worked network). That means you have to be security conscious. You don't have to be an international bank to be chosen as a victim. There really are people out there trying to break into whatever computers they can. You don't want to leave yourself open to that.

Furthermore, if your computer is ever broken into, you stand a far better chance of getting sympathetic help if you didn't leave it wide open in the first place. If I leave my door open and someone walks in and takes things, they are still doing wrong, but I'd be more likely to get sympathetic help had I locked the door.

I will outline the approach I've taken to setting up our OS/2 systems. I AM NOT A UNIX OR NETWORK SECURITY EXPERT. Just for good measure, I'll say that again: I AM NOT A UNIX OR NETWORK SECURITY EXPERT. I've done enough reading to know that (a) it matters; and (b) security holes can be very subtle. So don't necessarily believe what I'm recommending. I welcome comments (but I will not open a debate on the morality of computer breakins).

1. Enable Telnet but only with the real password option. The default password option offered is very weak. It requires a single password that is readable by anyone who has access to the system. VERY WEAK. But, buried deep is a better solution. On page 72-73 of the Installation and Maintenance Manual is the description of how to set up telnet to require a Unix-style password file. Now, Unix-style passwords are far from hyper-secure, but they're better than a clear-text "password"! Perversely, IBM doesn't provide you with a program to make the passwd file: you'll need to copy an /etc/passwd file from a Unix host. But you've probably got a login on a Unix machine - you can use its password file.

Follow the directions to install the passwd file and shuffle in a different version of the login.exe program on OS/2.

In general, don't depend on any of the so-called "passwords" that appear in environmental varibles. World-visible passwords are a (bad) joke.

2. Disable incoming FTP except for the very restricted "anonymous" account. Your TRUSERS file should look like this:

user: anonymous rd:   c:\anonymous wr:   c:\anonymous

Make sure to create the directory c:\anonymous. Someone can stuff your system by filling disk's c:\anonymous directory with garbage, but that's relatively benign. If that's a problem, remove "c:\anonymous" from the "wr:" field. How can anyone FTP a file into your machine if you don't even let them have ftp write access to "\anonymous"? With this setup, a really trusted user can have an entry in the Unix-style passwd file. Then she or he can telnet into your machine and run FTP on your machine to suck the file in.

Don't have anything else in the TRUSERS file. The idea of unencoded passwords is ludicrous.

[Supplementary note added later:] Perhaps the above approach is a little harsh. It turns out that FTP will not allow reading or writing of the TRUSERS file. Hence, you _could_ put other entries into the TRUSERS file and an FTP-logged-in person couldn't pilfer the TRUSERS file itself. NOTE however, that TRUSERS will be accessible to any NFS or Telnet users, so passwords there are still available. You decide. Personally, it makes me too nervous.

3. Don't enable the rexecd server. It depends on clear-text passwords in the environment or in the NETRC file. People can Telnet in through the passwd-protected telnet, then execute the command. Same goes for the rshd server.

Come on. Do you really want Joe Unwashed-behind-the-ears to be able to do "rexec yourmachine del c:\*"? And then giggle a bit. Yup, that could happen.

4. Don't enable the TFTP daemon "tftpd" unless you really need it for some obscure reason. FTP does the job.

5. Vanilla NFS is well known to be full of security holes. You'll notice the tight security demanded by the Unix host: give it a UID and GID number and that's who you are. Cute. I'd be very wary about giving write permission to my disk.

REMEMBER: THERE ARE NO ACCESS CONTROLS ONCE SOMEONE HAS ACCESS TO YOUR OS/2 SYSTEM. No files are protected from reading or deletion. Once someone is into your system, they can happily read any of your setup files in \tcpip\etc (which could [if you're naive] contain real live readable passwords). They can also read your \config.sys and tcpstart.cmd files, in case they missed a password or two.

The only people I want to have write access to my system are people who've passed the (really minimal!) test of having logged in past the Telnet-with-Unix-style-passwords.

(11) Tuning your setup
Following are a few hints and suggestions that may help your networking system work better. Where I remembered, I've attributed suggestions to the people who suggested them. In most cases, these suggestions appeared on the Usenet newsgroup comp.os.os2.networking. I have edited many/most of these for conciseness and format, so I'm to blame if I've screwed them up (sorry). My apologies to those whom I forgot!

1. If you edit any of the installation scripts yourself, note that IBM uses an undocumented syntax. They use "attrib file parameters" instead of "attrib parameters file". This works fine unless you use 4OS2 (a command-line enhancer). If you do, start up an unenhanced cmd shell first. (mathelmr@nuscc.nus.sg (Helmer Aslaksen))

2. After the initial thrill wears off, you'll wish there was some way to get OS/2 to stick all the networking windows into the Minimized Window Folder automatically at boot time. Following is a scheme for doing so. The basic idea is to stop tcpstart.cmd from being run in the \startup.cmd script (running it as a "Startup" folder object instead) and get all the programs started minimized, instead of as normal windows. (sip1@midway.uchicago.edu (Timothy F. Sipples), mathelmr@nuscc.nus.sg (Helmer Aslaksen), others)

A) Edit \startup.cmd and put a REM in front of the line that       runs the tcpstart.cmd script.  Add an "exit" to the end of the        \startup.cmd file (if you want its window to vanish, too).  In        fact (if nothing else is started in that file) instead of        editing it, you can just move it to \startup.old and forget        about it.

B) From the desktop, open the "OS/2 System" object, then the       "Startup" object within that.

C) From the "Drives" object, open up directories until you have       an icon view of the \tcpip\bin directory.  Click the right mouse        button once on the \tcpstart.cmd script.  Using the resulting        popup menu, create a shadow of the object, selecting the        "Startup" window to be its location.  The reason for doing A-C        is that things in the "Startup" folder start up late enough in        the boot process that they start after the Minimized Window        Viewer is in place.  Otherwise, you get icons across the bottom        of the desktop (eeeeww!).

D) Now edit the file \tcpip\bin\tcpstart.cmd. Wherever you see        a "start ..." line, change it to "start /min ...".  That will        cause the programs to start minimized.  NOTE: Check this file        again any time you run ICAT: your changes may get blown away        so that you'll have to reinsert the "/min"s.

E) For any line in tcpstart.cmd that starts "call ...", edit the       script that gets called.  In those scripts, again change "start        ..." lines to "start /min ...".  Check this also after running        ICAT.

3. Some of the networking software doesn't actually need to be run as a subprocess of a "cmd" process. For these cases, rather than issuing a "start ..." or a "start /min ..." to kick them off, you can issue a "detach ...". For some processes (ones that have certain requirements for interaction with keyboard and display), this won't work. Experiment with it, though, you can save some memory that way. I've found that it works with lprmon, lpd (run standalone, not via inetd), portmap, and nfsd. It does not work with telnetd. I think it works with inetd itself, but if inetd starts telnetd for you, then telnetd is stuffed. Hence, I gave up on inetd. Others, you're on your own...

4. If you have already put a default router's IP address into your configuration, you're probably not running routed. If you are running routed, however, you may be able to discover what your default router is, insert its address, and stop running routed. After you've been doing network things for a while (including pinging or ftping some remote sites), give the following command from an OS/2 command window:

netstat -r

Look for an entry that begins with "default". You guessed it: use that IP address as your default router address. Use ICAT to edit your network configuration: turn off "routed" and configure the default router's IP address into the Routing Information section. (Routed information: assela@rpi.edu (Andre Asselin))

5. The networking software sucks memory. If you have 8 Mb or less of memory, your performance will go down noticeably (but far from fatally) as OS/2 swaps things in and out more often. Don't need the TELNET server? Close it. Don't need the FTP server? Shut it down. Don't need the TALK daemon? Get rid of it. Mailer unnecessary? Leave it aside. Only use X Windows occasionally? Start up the PMX daemon "by hand" when you need it. That said, we find that full blown TCP/IP does quite well in (true) 9 MB. The extra megabyte appears to make all the difference in the world. If you don't run with everything but the kitchen sink, 8 MB is viable. The 2.1 release should improve on that even more [since IBM is making efforts to make the OS/2 base use up less memory]. Pay attention to cache sizes, by the way: a disk cache that is too large will actually decrease performance. (sip1@midway.uchicago.edu (Timothy F. Sipples)) Our experience is that beefing up our systems to 16 Mb made things run _far_ more nimbly: the near-continual disk grinding stopped and the agonizing pauses went away.

(12) Interesting TCP/IP software
There is a plethora of free software available on the Internet. One of the largest repositories of OS/2 software is the machine: ftp-os2.nmsu.edu. Access it using anonymous FTP. That is, connect to it using ftp (give the command: ftp ftp-os2.nmsu.edu) and give the user name "anonymous" (without the quotes) when prompted for a user ID. When prompted for a password, give your email address. See the manual entries on the FTP program for more details. Also see part (8) of this document for an example of downloading some files using FTP.

Following are some pointers to useful TCP/IP-oriented programs (and some other "indispensables") that can be downloaded from ftp-os2 or other archive sites. The filenames are indented under the names of the directories under which they are found on ftp-os2 - locations may vary on other archives. A "*" for the filename indicates that there are several files in that directory that are relevant.

os2/all/info/faq/ *            The OS/2 Frequently Asked Questions (with answers!) os2/ibm/ews/ gopher.zip   PM client for the Internet Gopher Client goserv.zip   A Gopher Server protocol for OS/2 2.x os2/2_x/network/ nistime.zip  Update time/date from NIST Internet server os2gofer.zip Gopher client for OS/2 PM (requires VREXX & TCP/IP) os2nosv4.zip TCP/IP for OS/2 (via SLIP) - text-based passwd.zip   IBM TCP/IP passwd file maintenance utilities slip20b1.zip Better performing SLIP for IBM TCP/IP 1.2.1 tcpstart.txt This document you're reading now! tn_enh11.zip Enhancement for IBM OS/2 2.0 telnet daemon wsos21.zip   Novell Netware Requester 2.01 for OS/2, Disk 1 of 3 wsos22.zip   Novell Netware Requester 2.01 for OS/2, Disk 2 of 3 wsos2d.zip   Novell Netware Requester 2.01 for OS/2, Disk 3 of 3 nsd202.zip   Novell Service Diskette (NSD #2) for WorkStation Kit os2/2_x/network/ndis/ *            NDIS drivers for many Ethernet cards os2/all/network/ndis/ *            NDIS drivers for many Ethernet cards os2/ibm/tcpip/ *            Home of "official" IBM bug fixes to TCP/IP os2/2_x/patches/ *            Home of more CSDs and bug fixes os2/2_x/unix/unixutil/ elvis172.zip Elvis 1.7, a vi clone (for Unix devotees) xfeel11.zip  A utility to make PM behave like X-Windows

(13) Good luck
That's about it for now, folks. Read the IBM manuals - they're actually not too bad. Not hold-your-handish, but most of what you need is (somewhere) in there.

Best of luck with networking. Maybe we'll ping each other one day...

(A1) Appendix I: Coexistence of TCP/IP with Netware
Personally, it's hard for me to believe, but apparently there's this other networking scheme out there by this little startup called Novell... I haven't needed to interact with a Novell network, but lots of people do. I've collected some of the postings from the Usenet newsgroup comp.os.os2.networking that address this issue. I hope that they will help you get things working if you need to access TCP/IP and Novell.

I have edited the text for brevity and consistency, so please pardon any errors I may have introduced in the process. Thanks go entirely to the original posters of these messages - I've done nothing but copy their work.

From: ccherry@vnet.ibm.com Organization: IBM Boca Programming Center Date: Wed, 27 Jan 93 23:53:32 GMT

Install the NetWare requester. Then install LAN Adapter Protocol Support (LAPS). This came with your TCP/IP disks. Choose NetWare Requester support if it is available. Next install TCP/IP Support.

If your version of LAPS offered NetWare requester support, double click on the NetWare line and a dialog will appear. The first line will be for the universal address of your Ethernet card. Enter that number and exit LAPS. Alternately, you can edit the LANADDRESS = line in \IBMCOM\PROTOCOL.INI

If LAPS did not have NetWare support, you must follow the directions in Chapter 6 of the NetWare Requester for OS/2 manual.

Good luck!

From: davbur@joyner.lib.ecu.edu (David L. Burke) Organization: UNC Educational Computing Service Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 23:54:56 GMT

Hope this stuff helps, guys. It was a bitch, but I got Requester to work with TCP/IP for OS/2 1.2.1. Below are The Big Three: CONFIG.SYS, NET.CFG, and PROTOCOL.INI.

Before I say anything else, I hope to hell that after making these changes that your machine doesn't boot up with a register dump or some stupid message like "unable to locate Country.sys," or anything else which stops you in your tracks. Please make sure you have a floppy boot disk handy (I prefer makeboot.cmd myself.) Good luck.

General points: Don't let ICAT or LAPS alter your config.sys. Add the appropriate lines and include \TCPIP... and \IBMCOM... in the necessary path statements.

Setup: I'm using an NE2000 NIC (there's a NE2000.NIF on hobbes for LAPS). This setup works with 2.1b (as long as OS/2 is not loaded on Drive E: for some wierd reason). I'm superstitious about the INET.SYS and IFNDIS.SYS files, making sure I use the same ones with each new install. Don't have any idea why that is though.

IFS=D:\OS2\HPFS.IFS /CACHE:512 /CRECL:4 /AUTOCHECK:D PROTSHELL=D:\OS2\PMSHELL.EXE SET USER_INI=D:\OS2\OS2.INI SET SYSTEM_INI=D:\OS2\OS2SYS.INI SET OS2_SHELL=D:\OS2\CMD.EXE SET AUTOSTART=PROGRAMS,TASKLIST,FOLDERS,CONNECTIONS SET RUNWORKPLACE=D:\OS2\PMSHELL.EXE SET COMSPEC=D:\OS2\CMD.EXE LIBPATH=.;D:\OS2\DLL;D:\OS2\MDOS;D:\;D:\OS2\APPS\DLL;D:\NETWARE; D:\TCPIP\DLL;D:\IBMCOM\DLL;D:\TALKTHRU\PROGRAMS; SET PATH=D:\OS2;D:\OS2\SYSTEM;D:\OS2\MDOS\WINOS2;D:\OS2\INSTALL; D:\;D:\OS2\MDOS;D:\OS2\APPS;L:\OS2;P:\OS2;D:\NETWARE;D:\TCPIP\BIN; D:\IBMCOM;d:\tools\utilities;D:\TALKTHRU\PROGRAMS; SET DPATH=D:\OS2;D:\OS2\SYSTEM;D:\OS2\MDOS\WINOS2;D:\OS2\INSTALL; D:\;D:\OS2\BITMAP;D:\OS2\MDOS;D:\OS2\APPS;D:\NETWARE;D:\IBMCOM; SET PROMPT=$i[$p] SET HELP=D:\OS2\HELP;D:\OS2\HELP\TUTORIAL;D:\TCPIP\HELP; SET GLOSSARY=D:\OS2\HELP\GLOSS; SET IPF_KEYS=SBCS PRIORITY_DISK_IO=YES FILES=20 SET DIRCMD=/O:GN DEVICE=D:\OS2\TESTCFG.SYS DEVICE=D:\OS2\DOS.SYS DEVICE=D:\OS2\PMDD.SYS BUFFERS=30 IOPL=YES DISKCACHE=512,LW MAXWAIT=3 MEMMAN=SWAP,PROTECT SWAPPATH=D:\OS2\SYSTEM 2048 2048 BREAK=OFF THREADS=256 PRINTMONBUFSIZE=134,134,134 COUNTRY=001,D:\OS2\SYSTEM\COUNTRY.SYS SET KEYS=ON REM SET DELDIR=C:\DELETE,512;D:\DELETE,512; BASEDEV=PRINT01.SYS BASEDEV=IBM1FLPY.ADD BASEDEV=IBM1S506.ADD BASEDEV=OS2DASD.DMD SET BOOKSHELF=D:\OS2\BOOK SET EPMPATH=D:\OS2\APPS SET FAXPM=D:\OS2\APPS REM DEVICE=D:\OS2\APPS\SASYNCDA.SYS PROTECTONLY=NO SHELL=D:\OS2\MDOS\COMMAND.COM D:\OS2\MDOS /P /E:1024 FCBS=16,8 RMSIZE=640 DEVICE=D:\OS2\MDOS\VEMM.SYS DOS=LOW,NOUMB DEVICE=D:\OS2\MDOS\VDPX.SYS DEVICE=D:\OS2\MDOS\VXMS.SYS /UMB DEVICE=D:\OS2\MDOS\VDPMI.SYS DEVICE=D:\OS2\MDOS\VWIN.SYS DEVICE=D:\OS2\MDOS\VCDROM.SYS REM DEVICE=D:\OS2\PCMCIA.SYS REM DEVICE=D:\OS2\MDOS\VPCMCIA.SYS DEVICE=D:\OS2\MDOS\VMOUSE.SYS DEVICE=D:\OS2\POINTDD.SYS DEVICE=D:\OS2\MOUSE.SYS SERIAL=COM1 DEVICE=D:\OS2\COM.SYS DEVICE=D:\OS2\MDOS\VCOM.SYS CODEPAGE=437,850 DEVINFO=KBD,US,D:\OS2\KEYBOARD.DCP SET VIDEO_DEVICES=VIO_SVGA DEVICE=D:\OS2\MDOS\VSVGA.SYS
 * CONFIG.SYS (Notice that all the TCPIP and IBMCOM stuff is at the end of
 * the file, after the requester stuff.)
 * the file, after the requester stuff.)

REM --- NetWare Requester statements BEGIN --- DEVICE=D:\NETWARE\LSL.SYS RUN=D:\NETWARE\DDAEMON.EXE DEVICE=D:\NETWARE\NE2000.SYS DEVICE=D:\NETWARE\IPX.SYS DEVICE=D:\NETWARE\SPX.SYS RUN=D:\NETWARE\SPDAEMON.EXE rem DEVICE=D:\NETWARE\NMPIPE.SYS rem DEVICE=D:\NETWARE\NPSERVER.SYS rem RUN=D:\NETWARE\NPDAEMON.EXE NP_COMPUTERNAME DEVICE=D:\NETWARE\NWREQ.SYS IFS=D:\NETWARE\NWIFS.IFS RUN=D:\NETWARE\NWDAEMON.EXE DEVICE=D:\NETWARE\NETBIOS.SYS RUN=D:\NETWARE\NBDAEMON.EXE DEVICE=D:\NETWARE\VIPX.SYS DEVICE=D:\NETWARE\VSHELL.SYS REM --- NetWare Requester statements END ---

REM Below is all the TCPIP and IBMCOM stuff (not before!) DEVICE=D:\IBMCOM\LANMSGDD.OS2 /I:D:\IBMCOM DEVICE=D:\IBMCOM\PROTMAN.OS2 /I:D:\IBMCOM rem DEVICE=D:\IBMCOM\MACS\NE2000.OS2 /I:D:\IBMCOM

DEVICE=D:\NETWARE\ODINSUP.SYS RUN=D:\IBMCOM\PROTOCOL\NETBIND.EXE RUN=D:\IBMCOM\LANMSGEX.EXE

SET ETC=D:\TCPIP\ETC SET TMP=D:\TCPIP\TMP DEVICE=D:\IBMCOM\PROTOCOL\IFNDIS.SYS DEVICE=D:\IBMCOM\PROTOCOL\INET.SYS RUN=D:\TCPIP\BIN\CNTRL.EXE

SET VIO_SVGA=DEVICE(BVHVGA,BVHSVGA) DEVINFO=SCR,VGA,D:\OS2\VIOTBL.DCP

Link driver ne2000 protocol ipx 8137 ethernet_ii frame ethernet_ii int 5 port 360 node address 1B198826 netware requester preferred ecu_joyner_library
 * NET.CFG (nothing special here)
 * NET.CFG (nothing special here)

protocol odinsup bind ne2000

link support buffers 16 1514

[PROT_MAN] DriverName = PROTMAN$
 * PROTOCOL.INI (Don't worry about the LAPS settings during install. They
 * only write to the PROTOCOL.INI as far as I know.)
 * only write to the PROTOCOL.INI as far as I know.)

[IBMLXCFG] NE2000_nif = NE2000.nif TCPIP_nif = TCPIP.nif


 * - PROTOCOL SECTION ---*
 * - PROTOCOL SECTION ---*

[TCPIP_nif] DriverName = TCPIP$ Bindings = NE2000
 * Bindings = NE2000_nif


 * --- MAC SECTION --*
 * --- MAC SECTION --*

[NE2000]

[NE2000_nif] DriverName = MS2000$ IOBASE = 0x360 INTERRUPT = 5

From: loflin@emx.cc.utexas.edu (Don Loflin) Organization: The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas Date: 28 Jan 1993 08:55:21 -0600

I found the following settings to be the most crucial, especially the "protocol odinsup / bind ne2000" part, which the ODINSUP readme claimed was optional if you only had 1 ODI driver loaded (e.g. it would bind to the only driver found).

protocol odinsup bind ne2000
 * NET.CFG
 * NET.CFG

[TCPIP_nif] Bindings = NE2000
 * PROTOCOL.INI
 * PROTOCOL.INI

From: RZHM@rz.uni-osnabrueck.DE (Helmut Meyhoefer) Organization: Computing Center Date: Thu, 28 Jan 1993 13:38:27 GMT

This is my configuration for CM, TCPIP and NW Requester with NSD201. No problems.


 * CONFIG.SYS
 * CONFIG.SYS

IFS=C:\OS2\HPFS.IFS /CACHE:384 /CRECL:4 /AUTOCHECK:CDE

REM ******* LAPS: RUN=C:\OS2\INSTALL\IBMLANLK.EXE C:\OS2\INSTALL\IBMLANLK.LST

RUN=C:\OS2\XCOPY.EXE C:\OS2\OS2*.INI E:\OS2\IniSave PROTSHELL=C:\OS2\PMSHELL.EXE SET RESTARTOBJECTS=STARTUPFOLDERSONLY SET USER_INI=C:\OS2\OS2.INI SET SYSTEM_INI=C:\OS2\OS2SYS.INI SET OS2_SHELL=C:\OS2\CMD.EXE SET AUTOSTART=PROGRAMS,TASKLIST,FOLDERS SET RUNWORKPLACE=C:\OS2\PMSHELL.EXE SET COMSPEC=C:\OS2\CMD.EXE LIBPATH=.;C:\OS2\DLL;C:\MUGLIB\DLL;C:\OS2\MDOS;E:\CMLIB\DLL;C:\;C:\OS2\APPS\DLL;C:\IBMCOM\DLL;E:\NETWARE;E:\TCPIP\DLL; SET PATH=C:\OS2;C:\OS2\CMD;C:\MUGLIB;C:\OS2\SYSTEM;D:\SYSTEM;C:\OS2\MDOS\WINOS2;E:\CMLIB;E:\CMLIB\APPN;C:\OS2\INSTALL;C:\;C:\OS2\MDOS;C:\OS2\APPS;L:\OS2;P:\OS2;E:\NETWARE;E:\TCPIP\BIN; SET DPATH=C:\OS2;C:\MUGLIB\DLL;E:\CMLIB;E:\CMLIB\APPN;C:\OS2\SYSTEM;C:\OS2\MDOS\WINOS2;C:\OS2\INSTALL;C:\;C:\OS2\BITMAP;C:\OS2\MDOS;C:\OS2\APPS;C:\IBMCOM;E:\NETWARE;L:\OS2; SET PROMPT=$e[32;40m$e[1mrc=$r [$p] $i$e[0m SET HELP=E:\CMLIB\APPN;C:\OS2\HELP;C:\OS2\HELP\TUTORIAL;E:\TCPIP\HELP; SET GLOSSARY=C:\OS2\HELP\GLOSS; SET THE_HELP=D:\OS2\UTILS\THE\OS2.HLP SET THE=D:\OS2\UTILS\THE\PROFILE.THE SET DIRCMD=/O:GN PRIORITY_DISK_IO=YES FILES=20 DEVICE=C:\OS2\R0CSDD.SYS

REM ******* LAPS: DEVICE=C:\OS2\INSTALL\IBMLANLK.SYS C:\OS2\INSTALL\IBMLANLK.LST DEVICE=C:\IBMCOM\LANMSGDD.OS2 /I:C:\IBMCOM DEVICE=C:\ibmcom\protman.os2 /I:C:\ibmcom

DEVICE=C:\OS2\TESTCFG.SYS DEVICE=C:\OS2\DOS.SYS DEVICE=C:\OS2\PMDD.SYS BUFFERS=30 IOPL=YES DISKCACHE=64,LW MAXWAIT=3 MEMMAN=SWAP,PROTECT SWAPPATH=E:\SWAPSPACE 2048 4096 BREAK=OFF THREADS=256 PRINTMONBUFSIZE=134,134,134 COUNTRY=049,C:\OS2\SYSTEM\COUNTRY.SYS SET KEYS=ON SET DELDIR=C:\DELETE,512 D:\DELETE,1024 E:\DELETE,1024 BASEDEV=PRINT02.SYS BASEDEV=IBM2FLPY.ADD BASEDEV=IBM2ADSK.ADD BASEDEV=OS2DASD.DMD SET BOOKSHELF=C:\OS2\BOOK; SET EPATH=C:\OS2\APPS DEVICE=C:\OS2\APPS\SASYNCDB.SYS PROTECTONLY=NO SHELL=C:\OS2\MDOS\COMMAND.COM C:\OS2\MDOS /E:1000/P FCBS=16,8 RMSIZE=640 DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\VEMM.SYS DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\VMOUSE.SYS DOS=LOW,NOUMB DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\VDPX.SYS DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\VXMS.SYS /UMB DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\VDPMI.SYS DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\VWIN.SYS DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\VCDROM.SYS DEVINFO=SCR,VGA,C:\OS2\VIOTBL.DCP SET VIDEO_DEVICES=VIO_VGA SET VIO_VGA=DEVICE(BVHVGA) DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\VVGA.SYS CODEPAGE=850,437 DEVINFO=KBD,GR,C:\OS2\KEYBOARD.DCP DEVICE=C:\OS2\POINTDD.SYS DEVICE=C:\OS2\MOUSE.SYS DEVICE=C:\OS2\COM.SYS DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\VCOM.SYS DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\ANSI.SYS

REM Protokollierung einschalten: DEVICE=C:\OS2\LOG.SYS RUN=C:\OS2\SYSTEM\LOGDAEM.EXE

REM ********* Netware Requester *************** REM --- NETWARE REQUESTER STATEMENTS BEGIN --- DEVICE=E:\NETWARE\LSL.SYS RUN=E:\NETWARE\DDAEMON.EXE DEVICE=E:\NETWARE\TOKEN.SYS DEVICE=E:\NETWARE\ROUTE.SYS DEVICE=E:\NETWARE\IPX.SYS DEVICE=E:\NETWARE\SPX.SYS RUN=E:\NETWARE\SPDAEMON.EXE DEVICE=E:\NETWARE\NWREQ.SYS IFS=E:\NETWARE\NWIFS.IFS RUN=E:\NETWARE\NWDAEMON.EXE DEVICE=E:\NETWARE\VIPX.SYS DEVICE=E:\NETWARE\VSHELL.SYS DEVICE=E:\NETWARE\ODINSUP.SYS REM --- NETWARE REQUESTER STATEMENTS END ---

REM ********* Communications Manager *************** DEVICE=C:\ibmcom\protocol\LANDD.OS2 DEVICE=C:\ibmcom\protocol\LANDLLDD.OS2 DEVICE=E:\CMLIB\ACSLDLAN.SYS RUN=C:\OS2\EPW.EXE RUN=C:\ibmcom\protocol\landll.exe DEVICE=E:\CMLIB\APPN\CMKFMDE.SYS DEVICE=C:\IBMCOM\PROTOCOL\IFNDIS.SYS DEVICE=C:\IBMCOM\PROTOCOL\INET.SYS

REM ******* TCPIP SET ETC=E:\TCPIP\ETC SET TMP=E:\TCPIP\TMP RUN=E:\TCPIP\BIN\CNTRL.EXE

REM ******* LAPS: RUN=C:\ibmcom\protocol\netbind.exe RUN=C:\ibmcom\lanmsgex.exe

REM ******* TCPIP SET XFILES=E:\TCPIP\X11 SET USERNAME= SET HOSTNAME= SET TELNET.PASSWORD.ID=

CALL=CMD.EXE


 * NET.CFG
 * NET.CFG

Link Driver token frame token-ring frame token-ring_snap node address 400031741015

Link Support buffers 14 4210

protocol odinsup bind token

protocol stack ipx sessions 50 Sockets 64

PROTOCOL STACK SPX Abort Timeout 30000 Verify Timeout 3000 Listen Timeout 6000 Send Timeout 6000 Retry Count 20 Sessions 50

Netware Requester cache buffers 20 sessions 8 request retries 20 preferred server server_name

Netware Spooler copies 1 keep size 8 banner form feed


 * PROTOCOL.INI
 * PROTOCOL.INI

[PROT_MAN] DriverName = PROTMAN$

[IBMLXCFG] TCPIP_nif = TCPIP.nif LANDD_nif = LANDD.NIF

[TCPIP_nif] DriverName = TCPIP$ Bindings = TOKEN

[LANDD_nif] DriverName = LANDD$ Bindings = TOKEN

From: reus@mic.dth.dk (Roger de Reus) Organization: Mikroelektronik Centret, DTH, Denmark Date: Thu, 10 Jun 93 12:11:44 METDST

One suggestion for your document: Since you refer to ftp.nmsu.edu to get the CSD's for TCP/IP, you may as well refer to the same place to get the latest Netware release (/pub/os2/2_x/network/novell) and documentation.

Here the (excerpts) of the configuration files. I have TCP/IP (with X11) and Netware (finally) running simultaneously over one single 3COM 3C503 card. I did not use the configuration programs (ICAT and LAPS) but manually edited the files. Note that all the ELINKII stuff is commented out. I was happy when things finally worked out, and did not try more. Probably lots  of  extraneous code lying around. Did not get things running by  automatically routing, so explicitly added a default gateway in  the  routing command (last line of this file).

Hope this will get some people getting ahead quicker than  I did. Credits  should   go   to   the   Hobbes   ftp    server (ftp-os2.nmsu.edu) which made the latest changes to both TCP/IP and Netware software available (and now supplies all  the  OS/2 goodies on CD-ROM for $25,-, I believe---grab  it  you  American guys), Kerry Sesker (cmdses@pmvax.weeg.uiowa.edu) who  supplied me with some configuration files I could start with, and  Prof.  Mike Thompson (Cornell University), who pointed me  to  ftp-os2 for the Novell software update. ________________________________________________________________/\_____ Roger de Reus (REUS@MIC.DTH.DK)                                \/ Mikroelektronik Centret /\ /\ /\  /-- Ph. (+45) 45 93 12 22--5764         DTH, bldg. 345-east  -- -- -- Ph. (+45) 45 93 46 10                   DK--2800 Lyngby  -- -- -- Fax (+45) 42 88 77 62                           Denmark  -- -- --  `-- _______________________________________________________________________


 * CONFIG.SYS (relevant parts)
 * CONFIG.SYS (relevant parts)

LIBPATH=...;C:\TCPIP\DLL;C:\USR\NETWARE;C:\IBMCOM\DLL; SET PATH=...;C:\TCPIP\BIN;...;C:\USR\NETWARE;C:\IBMCOM; SET DPATH=...;C:\USR\NETWARE;C:\IBMCOM; SET HELP=...;C:\TCPIP\HELP;

REM --- TCP/IP and NetWare Requester statements BEGIN --- DEVICE=C:\IBMCOM\PROTMAN.OS2 /I:C:\IBMCOM DEVICE=C:\IBMCOM\LANMSGDD.OS2 /I:C:\IBMCOM SET ETC=C:\TCPIP\ETC RUN=C:\TCPIP\BIN\CNTRL.EXE SET XFILES=C:\TCPIP\X11 SET DISPLAY=reus026.mic.dth.dk:0 SET TZ=CET SET LPR_SERVER=mic.dth.dk SET LPR_PRINTER=ps SET HOSTNAME=reus026 SET LANG=Da_DK SET NWLANGUAGE=ENGLISH DEVICE=C:\USR\NETWARE\LSL.SYS RUN=C:\USR\NETWARE\DDAEMON.EXE DEVICE=C:\USR\NETWARE\3C503.SYS DEVICE=C:\USR\NETWARE\ODINSUP.SYS DEVICE=C:\USR\NETWARE\IPX.SYS DEVICE=C:\USR\NETWARE\NWREQ.SYS IFS=C:\USR\NETWARE\NWIFS.IFS RUN=C:\USR\NETWARE\NWDAEMON.EXE RUN=C:\IBMCOM\PROTOCOL\NETBIND.EXE RUN=C:\IBMCOM\LANMSGEX.EXE DEVICE=C:\USR\NETWARE\VIPX.SYS DEVICE=C:\USR\NETWARE\VSHELL.SYS DEVICE=C:\IBMCOM\PROTOCOL\INET.SYS DEVICE=C:\IBMCOM\PROTOCOL\IFNDIS.SYS rem DEVICE=C:\IBMCOM\PROTOCOL\ELINKII.OS2 REM --- TCP/IP and NetWare Requester statements END ---


 * NET.CFG
 * NET.CFG

cache buffers = 40 file handles = 120 max tasks = 60 pb buffers = 10 preferred server = mic show dots on

link driver 3C503 frame ethernet_802.3 frame ethernet_ii frame ethernet_802.2 frame ethernet_snap node address 02608c8c04eb protocol ipx 0 ethernet_802.3

link support buffers 15 4210 mempool 4096

protocol odinsup bind 3c503

protocol stack IPX bind 3c503

protocol tcpip ip_address 129.142.64.205 ip_router 129.142.6.16 ip_netmask 255.255.0.0 tcp_sockets 8 udp_sockets 8 raw_sockets 1 nb_sessions 4 nb_commands 8 nb_adapter 0 nb_domain

netware requestor cache buffers 20 displayharderrors no  preferred server mic

netware spooler no banner no form feed


 * PROTOCOL.INI
 * PROTOCOL.INI

[PROT_MAN] DriverName = PROTMAN$

[IBMLXCFG] TCPIP_nif = TCPIP.nif
 * ELNKII_nif = ELNKII.nif


 * - PROTOCOL SECTION ---*
 * - PROTOCOL SECTION ---*

[TCPIP_nif] DriverName = TCPIP$ Bindings = X3C503


 * --- MAC SECTION --*
 * --- MAC SECTION --*

[X3C503]


 * [ELNKII_nif]
 * DriverName = ELNKII$
 * netaddress = "02608C8C04EB"
 * interrupt = 3
 * ioaddress = 0x300
 * transceiver = "ONBOARD"
 * maxtransmits = 8
 * xmitbufs = 2


 * TCPSTART.CMD (initializes also X11)
 * TCPSTART.CMD (initializes also X11)

@echo off echo CONFIGURING TCP/IP ..... CALL C:\TCPIP\BIN\SETUP.CMD echo ..... FINISHED CONFIGURING TCP/IP echo STARTING THE TCP/IP PROCESSES ..... rem start pmx -nocopyright -staticcolor -k 102 CALL C:\TCPIP\BIN\XINIT.CMD -staticcolor -k 102 echo    ..... X System Server Started rem call nfsstart rem echo    ..... Network File System Client Started echo ..... FINISHED STARTING THE TCP/IP PROCESSES echo ..... EXITING TCPSTART.CMD  .....


 * SETUP.CMD (called by TCPSTART)
 * SETUP.CMD (called by TCPSTART)

route -fh arp -f ifconfig lan0 129.142.64.205 netmask 255.255.0.0 route add default 129.142.6.16 1

(A2) Appendix II: Supplementary information on SLIP
Rather than editing matter that I don't fully understand, I've included this dialog essentially verbatim. It is Dave Bolen, author of a SLIP driver (alternative to IBM's own) replying to SLIP configuration questions from Don Lindbergh. Dave Bolen's SLIP driver is presently still in the testing stage, but users reporting in the comp.os.os2.networking newsgroup are uniformly glowing in their reviews of it.

At the time of writing, Bolen's slip driver can be had via anonymous FTP from ftp.ans.net in file /pub/misc/slip20a3.zoo.

In any case, the following notes should give you a _lot_ of information about SLIP connections in general, as well as information that may be specific to Dave's drivers.

>From: dabl2@nlm.nih.gov (Don A.B. Lindbergh) Date: Wed, 17 Feb 93 14:04:06 EST Message-Id: <9302171904.AA09472@nlm.nih.gov> To: dean2@bigbird.csd.scarolina.edu Subject: Re: TCP/IP, SLIP, Beat 2.1 Setup Questions (LONG)

Ok, I'm sending you what Bolen sent me. He has sent me two replies. The first is pretty much *it* as far as what you're probably interested in. It is long and has diagrams :) The second piece is an attempt at further clarification.  I also included the first piece of mail from a gentlemen trying to help me put the final piece in place, using ROUTED.  I basically haven't been able to get it to work (I think) because of:

1. not much time 2. incorrect syntax

There will undoubtably be some more email from him, after which I predict the light will shine on me, the angles will sing, and I will actually have a full blow slip home system going......

Oh, near the end of Bolen's first note is an 'off the cuff' 'untested' method of using 'arp -s' to 'publish' a network card to do routing. I wasen't able to get this to work for me, it may be I'm doing something wrong. I intend to at least confirm with him that this method *does* in fact work. It seems I will be using either this method or ROUTED as getting a static route added for my SLIP subnet may be a hassle (Bolen talks about all this).

So, truthfully, I'm not quite out of the woods yet, but I wanted to send you what he sent me, because it seems he has told me pretty much everything. I figured it's better to send you more than you need rather than edit it down myself. If you like, I'll forward what I get and wrap it up when I get it really working. Your stuff was invaluable to me when I was trying to get tcp/ip going.

--Don Lindbergh dabl2@lhc.nlm.nih.gov

_______________________________________________________________________ >From db3l@ans.net Mon Feb 15 16:41:48 1993 To: dabl2@nlm.nih.gov (Don A.B. Lindbergh)

>REQUEST FOR HELP, somewhat lengthy.....

Well, let's see what we can do...

Warning - your request may have been lengthy, but these answers get real long sometimes :-)

>I'm really unclear on how to setup at home for SLIP. I've read over >EVERY occurance of 'slip' in the TCPINFO doc's, I don't get it....

Part of the difficulty explaining this sort of stuff is that if you get generic enough in your explanation to cover anyone's case, the explanation becomes vague enough to be less than helpful :-)

For example - you don't give any actual IP addresses in your supplied office and home configurations, and yet it is likely the actual IP addresses (and routing between them) that is the problem.

So - for these examples, I'll use some explicit IP addresses that we use here at ANS - hopefully, it will not be difficult to translate their use into your own addresses.

Let's take the office machine. In my case, it has two interfaces - an ethernet (lan0) and com1 (sl). The important elements for packet flows are the addresses of the interfaces, and the routes that the machine has to specific hosts or networks.

Let's say the office LAN is 147.225.10.x, and my machine has the address 147.225.10.18. Thus, subnet 10 of network 147.225 (a class B network) is dedicated to the office ethernet. There is a default router on the office lan, 147.225.10.1, that I should send packets to when I don't know where to send them. The subnet mask for my LAN is 255.255.255.0. Also, I have a nameserver at 147.225.10.1.

Now let's say that I choose subnet 11 for my SLIP connection. You can't give hosts at the far end of the SLIP link an address in subnet 10 since the rest of your LAN all think that subnet 10 hosts are directly connected to the ethernet itself. (This isn't completely true, but it's tricky to work around, so let's say it is true for now). It is possible, as your example showed, to have your office machine be 147.225.10.18 on both interfaces, but is often clearer if you give it an address in the same subnet as the far end of the link. Let's say in my case, I've made the office machine 147.225.11.1 on the sl interface, and my home machine is going to be 147.225.11.2.

Thus, you end up with the following configuration:

-+-              |               |      ++              +--+     LAN       |      | Office Machine |              | Home Machine | |     | -- -- -- -- -- |  Phone Line  | -- -- -- --  | |     |                | 147.225.11.x |              | 147.225.10.x  +--| lan0        sl |--| sl           | | .18 |                | .1        .2 |              |               |      ++              +--+               |              -+-

Now I don't think you've had a problem getting to this stage of everything, even though your addresses may be different. The next big problem is getting packets to flow where you want.

In this example, hosts on the 147.225.10 network don't have a problem talking to one another. They all know that anything in 147.225.10 should be on the LAN wire. They also know a default router at 147.225.10.1. If I did a "netstat -r" on your office machine, I would find an entry like:

Office with LAN:

destination    router          intrf (interface)

default        147.225.10.1    lan0 147.225.10.0   147.225.10.18   lan0

or in other words - packets heading to anything on 147.225.10 would go through my local interface to the LAN, lan0, while anything else also goes out over lan0, but it gets sent to the 147.225.10.1 host, which should know what to do with it.

That's just the LAN. Once you start SLIO and create the "sl" interface, and ifconfig the appropriate addresses, your routing table will look like the following:

Office with LAN and SLIP:

destination    router          intrf (interface)

default        147.225.10.1    lan0 147.225.10.0   147.225.10.18   lan0 147.225.11.2   147.225.11.1    sl

which is the same as before except that traffic for host 147.225.11.2 will go over the serial interface. If you use the same address for your office machine on lan0 as on sl, the above would be the same except the router field would show 10.18 in both the lan0 and sl cases.

Now, to finish off the scenario, on your home machine all you did is configure the sl interface - nothing else is running. That gives you a routing table like the following:

Home with SLIP:

destination    router          intrf (interface)

147.225.11.1   147.225.11.2    sl

Now, given the differences in IP address, I think that's the state you've been able to get to in your experiments. Or, to add this routing information to my original picture, my hosts would look configured something like the following:

-+-              |               |      ++              +--+     LAN       |      | Office Machine |              | Home Machine | |     | -- -- -- -- -- |  Phone Line  | -- -- -- --  | |     |                | 147.225.11.x |              | 147.225.10.x  +--| lan0        sl |--| sl           | | .18 |                | .1        .2 |              |               |      ++              +--+               |  <-- 147.225.10               |  <-- default |           147.225.11.2 -->      <-- 147.225.11.1              -+-

Ok. Presuming you're still with me :-) Here's where you begin to run into problems.  As long as you are on your office machine, you'll be fine.  If you try to send packets to someone on the LAN, the route for 147.225.10 will work and you'll find them.  If you try to send packets to your home machine, it will go out over the serial interface and find it.  If you send packets somewhere else, they'll go to the default router, which will get them there.  And, since your office machine is part of your LAN, packets will find their way back to you since the rest of the LAN (and outside networks) know how to reach your 147.225.10 addresses.  Nameserver stuff will work fine too, since the nameservers are presumably on your LAN, so queries are just like other LAN traffic.

The home machine has some problems however. Once you get SLIP running there, you should be able to ping your office machine's address over the SLIP link. In other words, in my example, a "ping 147.225.11.1" would work, and I could do things like FTP to the office machine. But that's the only communication that works.

The problem with other hosts is routing related. For example, let's say that your home host tried to talk to the default router, 147.225.10.1. On your home machine you only know how to reach 147.225.11.1, so when you use the 10.1 address, your home machine doesn't know how to get there. That's where you get the "no route to host message". It is telling you it doesn't know where to send packets for hosts other than 147.225.11.1.

Now that's an easy one to fix. Add a default route on your home box pointing to your office box. Then, if you try to use an address that the home machine doesn't know about, it will still send it to the office machine. The office machine will then either know about it (if it's part of 147.225.10, such as your nameserver), or it will forward it on to *its* default router, 147.225.10.1.

This is only part of the problem, however. That solves the outgoing packets from your home machine, but it doesn't fix the case of packets coming back in to your home machine. For example, your home machine will now know how to send a packet to the nameserver that you use in your office, but the nameserver won't know how to send the packet back to the home machine. The nameserver will know that 147.225.10 addresses are on the LAN, but it won't know what to do with a 147.225.11 address.

There are a few ways to fix this. What you really need to do is to get all the other hosts on your LAN to know that subnet 147.225.11 is routed through you, and that they should send packets to you for those addresses. This is not normally practical, however, since a number of owners of hosts are involved.

Another alternative is for everyone to run a routing daemon (such as the ROUTED that came with the TCP/IP package), which lets your machine announce to the other machines that it has the SLIP route, and then they know where to send the packages. Again, this may not be reasonable as everyone may not want to or be able to run a routing daemon.

Probably the easiest thing for you to do is to get whoever administers the default router to add a static route for your SLIP subnet to that router. Then, since everyone else on the LAN defaults to that router, when it gets packets for your SLIP host it will forward them back to you. Often, it will also issue a redirect to the hosts telling them where they should have really sent the packets.

So to summarize - your problems are likely twofold. One, that your home host doesn't know to default to the office host for stuff that it doesn't have an explicit route to. And two, that the hosts on the LAN (or the outside world for that matter) don't know to use you to reach your home host. You need to solve both of those routing problems before you can see packets flowing between your home host and any other IP attached host.

In terms of the configurations you posted:

>OFFICE MACHINE SETUP.CMD: >route -fh >arp -f >ifconfig lan0 myipaddress netmask 255.255.255.0 >REM ifconfig lan1 >REM ifconfig lan2 >REM ifconfig lan3 >start slio.exe >sliowait >ifconfig sl myipaddress otherpcaddress >route add default myrouter 1

This should be fine. In general, I don't expect your office machine would have any problems. It's the one machine in this whole configuration that knows just what is going on, and how to reach everyone it needs to reach.

>HOME MACHINE SETUP.CMD: >route -fh >arp -f >REM ifconfig lan0 myipaddress officeipaddress netmask 255.255.255.0 >REM ifconfig lan1 >REM ifconfig lan2 >REM ifconfig lan3 >start slio.exe >sliowait >ifconfig sl myipaddress officeipaddress

This is fine.

>route add host officeipaddress officerouter

You don't need this. ifconfig'ing sl will automatically add this route to your routing tables. What you do need is a statement:

route add default officeipaddress 1

to let the home host pass all other packets through to the office as well.

And you need the office machines (or default router) to know about your home address too.

If this sounds convoluted, it's because it's a lot harder to write about and explain than just to do - at least I find it that way.

If you've stuck with me this far, I'll also throw in a way you can cheat with your SLIP address and make the rest of your office LAN think your home machine is right on the LAN - thus avoiding the need to tell them about routing or get your default router to change.

Some of this is off the cuff - I don't think I've done this explicitly myself yet, although it should work fine.

What you do first is get another LAN address for your home SLIP machine - in my case, let's say it was 147.225.10.19. You then configure everyone just as before, including the default route on your home SLIP machine. You end up with the following:

Office with LAN and SLIP:

destination    router          intrf (interface)

default        147.225.10.1    lan0 147.225.10.0   147.225.10.18   lan0 147.225.10.19  147.225.10.18   sl

Home with SLIP:

destination    router          intrf (interface)

default        147.225.10.18   sl        147.225.10.18   147.225.10.19   sl

For your office machine, any packets to host 147.225.10.19 (your home host) will go over the serial line. All other packets for 147.225.10 hosts will go over the LAN interface. And anything else will be put over the LAN interface to the default router also on the LAN.

For your home machine, packets to your office machine will go over the serial interface, and packets to anything else will first be passed to your office machine (over the serial interface) for handling.

Now the only rub is getting machines on the LAN to talk back to your home machine. The problem is that those machines will think (since it has a 147.225.10 address) that your home machine is directly connected to the LAN.

What happens on the LAN is that other machines issue ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) requests to translate an address (147.225.10.19 in this case) into a hardware level address (such as a token ring or ethernet adapter address). Packets are then sent over the LAN to that hardware address. For most machines, they answer for their own address, and give their hardware address. Obviously, your home machine can't do that in this case since it isn't attached directly to the LAN.

So what you do is tell your office machine to answer for your home machine. You use the "arp" command to "publish" a permanent arp entry for your home machine. The entry will use your office machine's hardware address as the arp answer. Then, other machines in the office will use your office machine's hardware address on the LAN when sending packets to your home machine - so the packets will end up on the office machine. The office machine will look at the actual IP address and recognize that it should go down the serial link to the home machine. This entire process is called "Proxy ARPing", and is often supplied as an automatic process in SLIP servers or routers - we'd just be doing it in a more manual fashion.

To set up the arp entry, you need to figure out your hardware address. You can either do this by looking at the LANTRAN.LOG file in your LAPS directory (normally C:\IBMCOM). It should have a line like: "Adapter 0 is using node address 10005A82501A   (...)"

Or, check someone else's machine that has recently exchanged traffic with you and do an "arp -a" and look for your address as in:

hardware address       IP address 10005A82501A           147.225.10.18

In either event, you want to know your 12-digit hexadecimal hardware address. Once you know that, you can stuff an entry for your home machine in your arp table with the command:

arp -s 147.225.10.19 10:00:5A:82:50:1A pub

which will permanently "publish" an arp entry for your home machine. >From now on, other machines on the LAN will think that your home machine is right on the ethernet (or token ring) itself, although your office machine will actually be routing packets through the serial link to the home machine.

Note that if you are on a token ring, you need to use a bitwise reversed address (shown in the LANTRAN.LOG file as the token ring format on the same line as the adapter node address).

I think that's about it. Like I said - it's more complicated to explain than it really is. I hope this helps more than it confuses. I'd suggest also trying to find a local support person at your site that may be able to help out with the routing issues. Or, if you have some sort of central SLIP server facility, it will probably be easier to make use of that, as the routing issues will most likely have already been addressed for that server.

-- David

/---\ \             David Bolen             \  Internet: db3l@ans.net      / |  Advanced Network & Services, Inc.   \   Phone: (914) 789-5327   | / 100 Clearbrook Road, Elmsford, NY 10523 \   Fax: (914) 789-5310    \ \---/

>From db3l@ans.net Tue Feb 16 18:37:53 1993 To: dabl2@nlm.nih.gov (Don A.B. Lindbergh) Subject: Re: TCP/IP, SLIP, Beat 2.1 Setup Questions (LONG)

Don,

>                                       I had no idea that the slip > connection ip addresses should have a different subnet than the 'real' > lan ip addresses.

Yeah - the problem is that while you can get it partially working without using a different subnet, you really need the separate subnet for proper operation (barring proxy arp solutions). The reasons for this are rooted in the fundamentals of how IP routing is handled, which can be daunting topic for those new to IP networking (or even old hands :-)). Couple this with the fact that most IP office users don't necessarily know the subnetting and routing scheme in place at their site, and it becomes even more fun.

(At the risk of repeating info from my previous message)

I think it starts to become more understandable - and explainable - if you make believe you are a machine on your LAN. Let's say I'm on your LAN as address 138.68.31.50. My machine has a routing table telling me where to send packets for particular destinations, as:

destination 134.68.31.0 gateway 134.68.31.50 (anything on 134.68.31 goes out onto my local LAN        via my LAN interface, and gets my LAN address on it         as the source address) destination default gateway 134.68.31.103 (anything else goes to the specified gateway. To reach         that gateway, I use my previous route to reach the LAN)

Now I'm in good shape - I know how to reach machines on the LAN, and those off your LAN. Now say that friendly Don - you - down the hall (with his machine 134.68.31.25) add a SLIP link, and gives your home machine address 134.68.31.26. You sets things up so that if you type "ping 134.68.31.50" from home, the packets reach my machine in the office. So far so good - the problem is where do I send the answer? I need to reach 134.68.31.26, which according to my routing table is right on my LAN. I therefore try to send it right over the LAN, but there's no machine there with that address.

Now I personally can fix that problem by adding a specific (static) route to my machine that says: destination 134.68.31.26 gateway 134.68.31.25 which says that if I need to reach the specific machine 31.26, I send it to your office machine. Anything else in 134.68.31 follows the old rule and goes directly to the LAN. Now I can communicate with everyone including your home machine. Of course, this solution doesn't scale well, and it doesn't help you from home since you have to get everyone else (or at least the default gateway) to add the route. Thus the rest of my previous note :-)

>                                  He says getting something like a > static route added to our subnet requires calling someone else, which > is not a huge problem, but if we did this, hopefully we could add this > slip subnet ONCE and that one addition would work for all our group > who want to use slip. I would like to try your suggestions about > permanently publishing an arp entry first I think.....

Having a dedicated SLIP subnet and a primary SLIP router is in fact the way many sites (including ours) handles the issue. For single SLIP connections into individual office machines a proxy arp solution may be the simplest and most effective - although it does require manual configuration - and you still have to get yourself allocated an extra address in the LAN subnet.

> Some further comments and questions....

Ok.

> I know, I questioned the wisdom of publicly posting all my ip > addresses, on the other hand, who really cares and what if they did > right? I've at least got password entry's for telnet and ftp....

Actually, that's a pretty prudent idea, and not so strange, especially when posting to such a large list. I don't have much of a problem myself as the addresses I've used are protected by a security firewall, so external hosts can't reach those subnets of 147.225 anyway.

Since your address is in fact exposed to the outside world, it's not unreasonable to avoid publishing it in such a wide forum.

> I tried this briefly last night, but apparently it's a whole other > lesson to get this damned thing to work. I don't really understand > *who* these manuals are written for.....

You'd be surprised - the IBM stuff really isn't all that bad when you see what else is out there. Of course, routing daemons are in fact another whole world of information, of which ROUTED is one of the simplest daemons. I could start another whole book on handling routing daemon issues, but since it's unlikely your entire LAN will start listening to RIP broadcasts, I think I'd just bypass this option for now. Even if you do run ROUTED and config everything right, it only fixes things for people who are also listening for the information that you are then broadcasting.

> As per my comments earlier, is this something we can do once and will > then work for a number of people? ie if we pick subnet 41 for slip, > then programmers using slip will be > > 134.68.41.1 >         .2 >          .3 etc?

It depends on how you are servicing the SLIP connections. As long as there is a single host that is responsible for all of the SLIP users, then yes - this will work fine. For example, here at ANS, we use subnet 2 for SLIP - all SLIP users get 147.225.2.x addresses. Our primary machines have a static route for 147.225.2.0 into our Annex terminal server (that handles the SLIP users) at 147.225.10.40.

If however, each user is going to handle his or her own SLIP connection into an office machine, it gets a little tricker. Given that changing a centrally administered host is probably harder, what I would suggest is telling those responsible for the site router to send all SLIP (134.68.41.x) traffic to one particular host - pick someone's office machine, or some central machine that you manage. Then, as individual programmers set up SLIP links to a new machine, add a static route to the machine you manage for that SLIP link. Then, traffic from LAN or external hosts heading for SLIP home users will first go to the central machine you manage, which will then forward it on to the appropriate office machine handling the link. This will represent an additional hop, but for the amount of traffic generated by SLIP it won't be much.

Also depending on the central machine of yours, it can send a redirect message to the site router, telling it the real machine to send the SLIP traffic to. So it can "learn" to avoid the extra hop. I'm pretty sure that OS/2 (and most Unix platforms) send a redirect by default, but don't hold me to that.

> Ah, here's where it gets fun, this would be a good hack...... > I'll try this and let you know. By the way, I keep hearing about your > super nifty alternate slip drivers, should I try those? Dave are you > holdin' out on me? :) One guy said I could find them at ftp.ans.net

Well, yes, I do have "super nifty alternate slip drivers" :-) I wasn't really holding out on you - getting my drivers wouldn't have solved your problem as it was routing and addressing related. Also, my driver is technically alpha code so I don't generally recommend it to just anyone yet.  Of course, it's alpha mostly because I'm too backlogged to do the final cleanup and call it beta, so it's actually quite stable at this point.

If you're interested - you can anonymously ftp the driver from ftp.ans.net in the file /pub/misc/slip20a3.zoo. This has the driver, several utilities, and a readme that should get you up and running. My driver both performs better than the standard IBM driver (better performance while using less CPU) as well as including support for header compression and priority queueing. This yields better interactive performance over a SLIP link.

The driver does require OS/2 2.0, and TCP/IP 1.2.1 at least at CSD level 2252. (You can always get the latest CSD from ftp-os2 if you have an earlier version of TCP/IP - check SYSLEVEL)

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======================== the below is today's first installment from a gent attempting to help me put the final piece in place.... ROUTED

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=========================

>From jardined@qucis.queensu.ca Wed Feb 17 13:12:00 1993 To: dabl2@nlm.nih.gov Subject: Re: TCP/IP, SLIP, Beat 2.1 Setup Questions (LONG)

I was going to suggest Bolen's stuff. He is _most_ knowledgeable.

The secret appears to be as follows:

The ifconfig statement _must_ have your home ip address and the office (slip) machine ip address. Use a netmask of 255.255.255.0 make sure you set the mtu in ifconfig (and in slip.cfg if you use Bolen's driver).

Now: in order to get at any other machine on your office net, you must tell your home machine where on the office LAN is the nameserver. You use the OS2 ROUTE command to do this. What you do in it is to a) clear the previous entiries (-fh flag), then b) set up as 'default' the ip address of the name server on your office LAN This means that when at the OS2 end you mention a machine on your office lan athat is other than the machine to which you are directly connected via slip, the request will be routed by your office PC to that name server, which will do the address resolution. The test for connection is to use the 'ping' command at your home end.

If you default route to the nameserver, you should be able to ping any machine on the internet. I tested it by pinging local machines here, and then finally hobbes. It replied!

I'm at the office so I don;t have access to my rexx scripts. If you are still having problemsa, I'll send them to you.

I agree the manuals are ghastly. Luckily I have a bunch of Unix TCPIP experts here to help me, (we have 4 dept. lans with about 100 Sun workstations, 4 file servers, 3 compute servers etc. etc. here) but even they took a while to figure it out. I asked, but there is no good book on TCPIP or X11. You learn it by recursively reading assorted ill-written documents, and asking someone who knows. I've been around long enough to have used IBM manuals back in the '50s and '60s, so I'm resigned to this situation :-)

Prof. Donald Jardine, Software Technology Laboratory, Comp. Sci. Dept., Queen's Univ. Kingston Ont. Ph (613) 545 6070 Fax (613) 545 6513

(A3) Appendix III: Setting up LaMail
This is a product that I don't use, but rwalker@rwalker.doa.lastat.gov kindly sent me a document that he prepared for his users there. I've excerpted and edited from that. Hence I am definitely to blame for errors of omission and comission in the following suggestions...

1.  Installation:  You will want to check off "Sendmail" and "LaMail" in the ICAT "Automatic Starting of Services" setup section (see (5) section 4. above).

2. Customize your LaMail configuration: In the LaMail screen, select Options/Set Note Options, then:

Personal Options 1. Your login or userid (e.g. dean) 2. Your hostname (e.g. fiddler.biol.scarolina.edu) Note Header 1. Check "Add Subject Line" 2. Recommend checking "Long Address Format" Note Options 1. Signature file: You can create a plain-text file that contains some address information about yourself. It will be automatically appended to your outgoing mail. For an          example, see the three lines at the end of section (0) of           this document (that's my .signature file contents). At this point, enter the name of the plain-text file that holds your signature information.

3. Send some test mail: Send some mail to someone who's email address you are sure will work. Ask them to send you a reply. It may be helpful if you are in adjoining offices so you can ask each other if it worked...

4. Delivery notification: There's no such thing as registered mail with SMTP (the mail services that Internet mail uses). But sometimes if mail cannot be sent to the recipient, LaMail will pop-up with the rejected mail item.

5. Note editor:  The LaMail editor is built upon the OS/2 Enhanced Editor (EPM). Most users would be more familiar with the OS/2 System Editor. To configure the LaMail editor to resemble the System Editor more closely do the following while editing a note:

Select: Options/Preferences: Deselect: Advanced Marking Select:  Stream Editing Select: Options/Save 6. How to forward a note:  While you are reading/editing a note (i.e. the box title begins "Note") hit Ctrl-I. In the command dialog box, either click on an existing command in the top half (if there are any shown) or type a forward command in the lower half (e.g. FORWARD dean2@tbone.biol.scarolina.edu). Edit the command in the bottom half and then select OK. This will bring up a standard LaMail Create Note menu with the forwarded note included. Edit the subject and other header lines as usual and select Send to actually forward the mail. LaMail will keep a copy of the command in its history file for the next time you select the command option.

7. Spelling check:  To check the spelling of an outgoing note, select the Options/Proof menu item. Note that the spelling checker appears to have some bugs. Sometimes it gets confused and flags even common words (e.g. "is"). At other times, it appears to just hang. You may want to verify the location of the following LaMail files by choosing the Options/Preferences/Settings/Paths menu:

US dictionary (normally \tcpip\bin\us.dct) Personal dictionary

8. Folders:  At installation, the ALL folder is the default folder for notes. A copy of your outgoing mail is automatically stored in the default folder. You can create multiple folders (e.g., and OUT folder or organize folders by subject). You can also associate folders with individuals in your NICKNAME.NAM file. Within each folder, the appearance of mail items can be customized (color and order of fields, etc.). Each folder can have a distinct icon associated with it. Create the icons using the OS/2 icon editor and save them in \tcpip\lamail as xxxxxx.ICO where xxxxxx is the name of the folder that you want associated with the icon.

9. Sendmail:  Sendmail is the background process to LaMail that actually sends and receives SMTP messages. This normally should be running all the time, although it can (and probably should) be minimized on the screen. In general, there is nothing you can do in this session. If you need to shut sendmail down, you can terminate it by switching to that session and hitting Ctrl-C. This will bring you back to the OS/2 command prompt where you can type EXIT to close the session.

10. Join some mailing lists: The Internet has hundreds of mailing lists on every conceivable topic. Good ones include ietf-announce (for Internet Task Force announcements), the OS/2 mailing lists, new-list (a mailing list that announces new mailing lists!), and many other computer and non-computer-specific lists. The Internet master list of mailing lists can be retrieved via anonymous FTP from ftp.nisc.sri.com as netinfo/interest-groups. Because this is such a large file (over one million bytes uncompressed), it should be retrieved only on an exception basis. Do NOT print the mailing list index.

11. Be sure to include your Internet mailing address on your correspondence and business cards. Because may recipients may not be entirely familiar with internetwork addressing, and may have accounts on alternate services (MCI, Genie, etc.), make sure to be explicit. Tell them that it is an Internet address and be sure to give your entire address. For example, I'd give the following information:

Internet: dean2@tbone.biol.scarolina.edu